This briefing provides a summary analysis of findings from a Colombia case study of our research and dialogue project that examines what drives a resilient national social contract in countries affected by conflict, fragility, or with unresolved political settlements. It argues that while the recent peace agreement created opportunities for addressing numerous conflict issues, the aspirations do not match capacities of state institutions to deliver upon them. Forging an inclusive and resilient social contract will require strengthening institutions at all levels and revisiting policy strategies for addressing illicit crops and the drug trade, and promoting constructive societal relations.